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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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laos.4
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1991-04-08
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Economy
Overview: One of the world's poorest nations, Laos has had
a Communist centrally planned economy with government ownership
and control of productive enterprises of any size. Recently,
however, the government has been decentralizing control
and encouraging private enterprise. Laos is a landlocked
country with a primitive infrastructure, that is, it has
no railroads, a rudimentary road system, limited external
and internal telecommunications, and electricity available
in only a limited area. Subsistence agriculture is the main
occupation, accounting for over 60% of GDP and providing
about 85-90% of total employment. The predominant crop is
rice. For the foreseeable future the economy will continue
to depend for its survival on foreign aid--from CEMA, IMF,
and other international sources.
GDP: $585 million, per capita $150; real growth rate 3%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: 15% (1989 est.).
Budget: revenues $71 million; expenditures $198 million,
including capital expenditures of $132 million (1988 est.).
Exports: $57.5 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--
electricity, wood products, coffee, tin; partners--Thailand,
Malaysia, Vietnam, USSR, US.
Imports: $219 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--food,
fuel oil, consumer goods, manufactures; partners--Thailand,
USSR, Japan, France, Vietnam.
External debt: $964 million (1989 est.).
Industrial production: growth rate 8% (1989 est.).
Electricity: 176,000 kW capacity; 900 million kWh produced,
225 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: tin mining, timber, electric power, agricultural
processing.
Agriculture: accounts for 60% of GDP and employs most of
the work force; subsistence farming predominates; normally
self-sufficient; principal crops--rice (80% of cultivated
land), potatoes, vegetables, coffee, sugarcane, cotton.
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and opium poppy
for the international drug trade; production of cannabis
increased in 1989; marijuana and heroin are shipped to Western
countries, including the US.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-79), $276 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $468 million; Communist countries (1970-88),
$895 million.
Currency: new kip (plural--kips); 1 new kip (NK) = 100 at.
Exchange rates: new kips (NK) per US$1--700 (December 1989),
725 (1989), 350 (1988), 200 (1987), 108 (1986), 95 (1985).
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June.